Stacked-GRU网络在动力随动陀螺零部件选配上的应用

动力随动陀螺是红外导引头位标器的核心部件之一，其装配质量对于导弹制导精度而言有着决定性的作用。针对动力随动陀螺零部件一次选配成功率低的问题，提出了一种基于数据驱动的动力随动陀螺零部件选配方法。对动力随动陀螺零部件装配现状进行了分析，考虑到零部件装配参数间复杂的非线性映射关系，建立了堆叠门控循环单元（Stacked-GRU）网络数据驱动模型，对陀螺待装配零部件参数属性值进行了预测。根据预测结果指导了陀螺零部件的选配，并以陀螺典型零部件装配为例进行了验证。实验结果表明，所提方法能够实现动力随动陀螺零部件的选配，且预测精度优于传统神经网络。     

NEEMO 15: Evaluation of human exploration systems for near-Earth asteroids

The NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) 15 mission was focused on evaluating techniques for exploring near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). It began with a University of Delaware autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) systematically mapping the coral reef for hundreds of meters surrounding the Aquarius habitat. This activity is akin to the type of “far-field survey” approach that may be used by a robotic precursor in advance of a human mission to a NEA. Data from the far-field survey were then examined by the NEEMO science team and follow-up exploration traverses were planned, which used Deepworker single-person submersibles. Science traverses at NEEMO 15 were planned according to a prioritized list of objectives developed by the science team. These objectives were based on review and discussion of previous related marine science research, including previous marine science saturation missions conducted at the Aquarius habitat. AUV data were used to select several areas of scientific interest. The Deepworker science traverses were then executed at these areas of interest during 4 days of the NEEMO 15 mission and provided higher resolution data such as coral species distribution and mortality. These traverses are analogous to the “near-field survey” approach that is expected to be performed by a Multi-Mission Space Exploration Vehicle (MMSEV) during a human mission to a NEA before extravehicular activities (EVAs) are conducted. In addition to the science objectives that were pursued, the NEEMO 15 traverses provided an opportunity to test newly developed software and techniques. Sample collection and instrument deployment on the NEA surface by EVA crew would follow the “near-field survey” in a human NEA mission. Sample collection was not necessary for the purposes of the NEEMO science objectives; however, the engineering and operations objectives during NEEMO 15 were to evaluate different combinations of vehicles, crew members, tools, and equipment that could be used to perform these science objectives on a NEA. Specifically, the productivity and acceptability of simulated NEA exploration activities were systematically quantified and compared when operating with different combinations of crew sizes and exploration systems including MMSEVs, EVA jet packs, and EVA translation devices. Data from NEEMO 15 will be used in conjunction with data from software simulations, parametric analysis, other analog field tests, anchoring models, and integrated testing at Johnson Space Center to inform the evolving architectures and exploration systems being developed by the Human Spaceflight Architecture Team.     

Influence of periodic wakes on the development of a boundary layer

The flow in turbomachinery is strongly influenced by the rotor-stator interactions. It is known that the unsteadiness of the flow has for effect to advance the laminar-turbulent transition and to alter the heat transfer. The problem of the wake-boundary layer interaction has been studied experimentally by using a simplified geometrical configuration. The stator blade is simulated by a flat plate on which the development of the boundary layer disturbed by periodic wakes is observed. The wakes are generated by moving bars having a circular section, put upstream of the flat plate and running with a constant velocity in the wind of a low-speed tunnel. Numerical studies relating to the phenomenon of interaction are limited. Part of the experimental study has been carried out in a fully turbulent flow in order to avoid the problem of transition. These results are compared with those from a code solving the fully turbulent unsteady boundary layer equations.     

动脉内皮血流动力学微环境建模分析和体外模拟方法与技术研究进展

动脉内皮微环境中的血压、壁面剪应力和牵张应力等血流动力学参量在维持内皮的正常生理功能中扮演着至关重要的角色。在体（in vivo）动脉内皮血流动力学微环境的建模分析与体外（in vitro）模拟研究不仅为心脑血管疾病早期诊断与预防、治疗与康复提供重要的生理指标，而且是深入理解心脑血管疾病发生发展机制不可或缺的基础，具有重要的科学意义和临床应用价值。本文综述了在体动脉内皮微环境的血流动力学建模分析、体外评估动脉内皮微环境血流动力学特性的模拟循环系统（Mock Circulatory System，MCS）以及用于细胞力学生物学研究的体外内皮细胞培养模型（Endothelial Cell Culture Model，ECCM）三方面的研究进展。通过对该领域的主要文献进行归纳和系统分析，指出了亟待解决的方法与技术问题，为进一步开展相关研究提供参考。     

基于Lamb波结构损伤诊断的边界反射效应控制方法

提出一种基于Lamb波结构损伤诊断技术的边界反射效应控制方法。首先利用结构几何形状的对称性,合理设计STMR阵列的布置形式和信号收发策略;然后通过将对称位置获得的传感信号相减,来消除边界反射效应对损伤诊断结果的影响,从而实现边界附近损伤和缺陷的准确识别检测。仿真分析结果表明:该方法不仅可提高结构损伤诊断的精度,有效克服目前基于Lamb波的结构损伤诊断技术存在检测盲区的缺陷,而且操作简单,不需要进行复杂的数值计算,因而在实际工程应用中具有更好的发展前景。     

Asymmetry in Active SETI: A case for transmissions from Earth

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) typically presupposes contact with extraterrestrial civilizations much longer lived than humanity. Many have argued that given humanity's “youth,” the burden of transmitting should be placed on the extraterrestrial civilizations, which presumably possess more advanced technologies. These assumptions have contributed to the current emphasis on Passive SETI. Complementing this existing stress on Passive SETI with an additional commitment to Active SETI, in which humankind transmits messages to other civilizations, would have several advantages, including (1) addressing the reality that regardless of whether older civilizations should be transmitting, they may not be transmitting; (2) placing the burden of decoding and interpreting messages on advanced extraterrestrials, which may facilitate mutual comprehension; and (3) signaling a move toward an intergenerational model of science with a long-term vision for benefiting other civilizations as well as future generations of humans. Technological requirements for Active SETI are considered, and a case is made for Active SETI as a means for experimentally testing variants of the Zoo Hypothesis. Recommendations are provided for sustaining Passive and Active SETI and the communities that conduct these searches.     

Nonlinear modeling of integrally actuated beams

A set of nonlinear, intrinsic equations describing the dynamics of beam structures undergoing large deformations is presented. The intrinsic kinematical equations are derived for the general case of a moving beam. Active force/strain terms are added to the equations to take into account active components. The equations are then discretized into finite elements, transformed into state-space form and finally decomposed into modes. Actuation and sensor models are established before implementing a simulation model in Matlab/SIMULINK. The model is validated by comparison with exact, analytical results and then used to analyze the dynamic behavior of an active helicopter blade in vacuum. Beside the analysis of the inherent dynamics of this system in terms of eigenvalues and vectors, the influence of centrifugal stiffening on the modal controllability of the blade is discussed. Finally, the design of a MIMO controller based on full-state optimal control (LQR approach) and optimal state estimation (Kalman filter) is presented with the aim to add vibrational damping to the weakly damped system. The closed loop properties are validated by both analytical methods and simulation runs.     

船舶柴油机黑炭排放研究现状与展望

为进一步加强对船舶柴油机黑炭排放生成机理和特性的理解,探索有效的黑炭检测方法和排放控制技术,本文回顾有关船舶排放政策、黑炭定义、生成机理、理化特性、采样和测试以及控制技术等研究进展。指出加强包括火焰内颗粒形成与氧化机制以及润滑油的影响等船舶黑炭排放生成机理研究的必要性。论述船舶黑炭颗粒微观形貌、纳观结构、表面官能团、氧化活性、粒径尺寸、化学成分、元素组成等理化特性及影响。归纳黑炭排放测试与控制技术,建议结合多种检测方法,解决黑炭测试结果的不确定性问题。提倡借鉴车用柴油机成功经验,促进燃料、燃烧和尾气后处理技术的协同进步,实现船舶柴油机黑炭排放的有效控制。     

基于支持向量机的船舶操纵运动黑箱建模

根据船舶自航模15°/5°Z形试验结果,应用最小二乘支持向量机对船舶操纵运动进行了黑箱建模,针对支持向量机参数选择的不确定性,使用网格搜索法进行了参数寻优;应用所建立的支持向量机回归模型对该自航模的10°/1°,25°/5°Z形试验及35°回转试验进行了操纵运动预报.预报结果同试验结果相比吻合良好,证明了支持向量机应用于船舶操纵运动黑箱建模的有效性,以及网格搜索法在支持向量机参数寻优中的可行性.